The cellular processes giving rise to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) involve the activation of inflammation, which leads to the eventual death of islet β cells. An urgent priority in diabetes research is the discovery of biomarkers (simple blood tests) that can assist in the identification of persons at-risk for disease for the purposes of early therapy. Recently, our laboratory has been investigating the involvement of a specifically altered form of the protein eIF5A (known as eIF5A^Hyp) in the progression of diabetes in mice. In previously published studies, we showed that eIF5A^Hyp is responsible for the production of a subset of inflammatory proteins in β cells and immune cells of the mouse. However, the specific types of cells that exhibit eIF5A^Hyp in human diabetes have never been examined, largely because specific reagents for tissue analysis have heretofore been unavailable. The purpose of this study is to determine the cell-type distribution of eIF5A^Hyp in the human pancreas and spleen from persons with T1D, T2D and controls. The results of this study will uncover whether the accumulation of eIF5A^Hyp-expressing cells are a marker for diabetic disease in the pancreas.