Type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibits significant heterogeneity in disease progression, driven in part by variable immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells. This project focuses on Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), a critical immune checkpoint protein that protects β cells by suppressing autoimmune responses via interaction with PD-1 on immune cells [1]. β cells also release PD-L1 […]